SUBSTANDARD 10.6.4
SIGMUND FREUD'S "ON DREAMS" (EXCERPT) 1900
"When the state of sleep is over, the censorship quickly recovers its full strength; and it can now wipe out all that was won from it during the period of its weakness. This must be one part at least of the explanation of the forgetting of dreams, as is shown by an observation which has been confirmed on countless occasions. It not infrequently happens that during the narration of a dream or during its analysis a fragment of the dream-content which had seemed to be forgotten re-emerges. This fragment which has been rescued from oblivion invariably affords us the best and most direct access to the meaning of the dream. And that, in all probability, must have been the only reason for its having been forgotten, that is, for its having been once more suppressed"
FREUD IS ONE THE MOST INFLUENTIAL PSYCHOLOGISTS OF HIS TIME. HIS AUDIENCE INCLUDED SCHOLARS WHO WERE STUDYING PSYCHOLOGY. THE PURPOSE OF HIS ANALYSES WAS TO GET A DEEPER UNDERSTANDING OF THE COMPLEX HUMAN PSYCHE. IN FREUD'S DREAM ANALYSIS IN "ON DREAMS", HE EXPLAINS THE SUBCONSCIOUS MIND OF HUMANS AND HOW IT INFLUENCES ONES DREAMS. IN THIS EXCERPT, HE DISCUSSES HOW ONE MAY FORGET DREAMS.
ALBERT EINSTEIN'S "AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL NOTES" (EXCERPT) 1949
"Physics is an attempt conceptually to grasp reality as it is thought independently of its being observed. In this sense one speaks of "physical reality." In pre-quantum physics there was no doubt as to how this was to be understood. In Newton's theory reality was determined by a material point in space and time; in Maxwell's theory, by the field in space and time. In quantum mechanics it is not so easily seen. If one asks: does a ψ-function of the quantum theory represent a real factual situation in the same sense in which this is the case of a material system of points or of an electromagnetic field, one hesitates to reply with a simple "yes" or "no"} why? What the ψ-function (at a definite time) asserts, is this: What is the probability for finding a definite physical magnitude q (or p) in a definitely given interval, if I measure it at time t? The probability is here to be viewed as an empirically determinable, and therefore certainly as a "real" quantity which I may determine if I create the same ψ-function very often and perform a qmeasurement each time."
EINSTEIN WAS A THEORETICAL PHYSICIST OF THE EARLY TO MID 1900S. HE CAME UP WITH HIS SPECIAL RELATIVITY THEORY IN 1905, WHICH WAS A REVOLUTIONARY SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY. HIS AUDIENCE CONSISTED OF MAINLY STUDENTS AND SCHOLARS WHO MAJORED IN PHYSICS. HIS PURPOSE FOR STUDYING AND HYPOTHESIZING SO MUCH WAS TO DIG DEEPER IN THE REALM OF SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERIES. IN THIS EXCERPT, HE DISCUSSES THE WHOLE IDEA OF PHYSICS IN GENERAL TERMS.